Paul's Epistle to the Philippians Introduction.

The Epistle to the

Philippians

INTRODUCTION

The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians is one of the Prison Epistles. Paul wrote four epistles when he was in prison, and we have labeled them Prison Epistles. They are Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and the little Epistle to Philemon.

The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians was written to the believers in Europe in the city of Philippi. This letter came out of a wonderful relationship that Paul had with the Philippian church. It seems that this church was closer to Paul than was any other church. Their love for him and his love for them are mirrored in this epistle. This epistle deals with Christian experience at the level on which all believers should be living. It is not a level on which all of us are, but it is where God wants us to be.

Paul visited Philippi on his second missionary journey. You will recall that
he and Barnabas went on their first missionary journey to the Galatian country, where they had a wonderful ministry and founded many churches in spite of the persecution they encountered. Paul wanted to visit these churches on his second missionary journey. He wanted to take Barnabas with him again, but Barnabas insisted on taking his nephew, John Mark, who had been with them at the beginning of the first missionary journey. This young fellow, John Mark, you may remember, turned chicken and ran home to mama when they had landed on the coast of Asia Minor. Therefore, Paul did not want to take him the second time. So this split the team of Paul and Barnabas. Barnabas took John Mark and went in another direction. Paul, with Silas for a companion, retraced his steps into the Galatian country, visiting the churches which they had established on the first missionary journey.

It would seem that Paul intended to widen his circle of missionary activity in that area, because a great population was there, and it was highly civilized. Actually, Greek culture and Greek learning were centered there at this

particular time. Dr. Luke in recording it says that Paul attempted to go south into Asia, meaning the province of Asia, of which Ephesus was the leading city. But when he attempted to go south, the Spirit of God put up a roadblock. Since he wasn’t to go south, Paul thought he would go north (where Turkey is today), but when “… they assayed to go into Bithynia … the Spirit suffered them not” (Acts. 16:7).

Now he can’t go south, he can’t go north, he has come from the east, there is but one direction to go. So Paul went west as far as Troas. That was the end of the line. To go west of Troas he would have to go by boat. So Paul was waiting for instructions from God.

Sometimes we feel that God must lead us immediately, but God can let us wait. I think He lets us cool our heels many times, waiting for Him to lead us. If you are one who is fretting today, “Oh, what shall I do? Which way shall I turn?” Wait, just wait. If you are really walking with the Lord, He will lead you in His own good time.

So Paul continued to wait in the city of Troas (we know it as Troy) for orders, and he got them finally. He was given the vision of the man of Macedonia, recorded in Acts 16:9–10.

Paul and his companions boarded a ship that took them to the continent of Europe. To me this is the greatest crossing that ever has taken place because it took the gospel to Europe. I thank God today that the gospel went in that direction, because somewhere down the line some of these ancestors heard the Word of God, responded to it, and handed down to us a high type of civilization.

So Paul crossed over into Europe, and his first stop was Philippi. “And on the sabbath we went out of the city by a river side, where prayer was wont to be made; and we sat down, and spake unto the women which resorted thither. And a certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira, which worshipped God, heard us: whose heart the Lord opened, that she attended unto the things which were spoken of Paul. And when she was baptized, and her household, she besought us, saying, If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house, and abide there. And she constrained us” (Acts 16:13–15).

Paul, you see, found out that the man of Macedonia was a woman by the

name of Lydia, holding a prayer meeting down by the river. That prayer meeting probably had a lot to do with bringing Paul to Europe. I’m of the opinion there were many people in Philippi who saw that group of women down there by the river praying and thought it wasn’t very important. But it just happened to be responsible for the greatest crossing that ever took place! And Lydia was the first convert in Europe.

Now Lydia was a member of the Philippian church to which Paul wrote this epistle. We know something about some of the other members of this church also. There was a girl who was delivered from demon possession. “And it came to pass, as we went to prayer, a certain damsel possessed with a spirit of divination met us, which brought her masters much gain by soothsaying: The same followed Paul and us, and cried, saying, These men are the servants of the most high God, which shew unto us the way of salvation. And this did she many days. But Paul, being grieved, turned and said to the spirit, I command thee in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her. And he came out the same hour” (Acts 16:16–18).

Also the Philippian jailer and his family were members of this church. You recall that Paul and Silas were thrown into jail at the instigation of the masters of the demon-possessed girl who had been deprived of their income. God

intervened for Paul and Silas in such a miraculous way that their jailer came to know Christ. “And [the jailer] brought them out, and said, Sirs, what must I do to be saved? And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy house…. And when he had brought them into his house, he set meat before them, and rejoiced, believing in God with all his house” (Acts 16:30–31, 34).

There were, of course, other members of this Philippian church whose stories we do not know. They were a people very close to the apostle Paul. They followed him in his journeys and ministered to him time and time again. But when Paul was arrested in Jerusalem, they lost sight of him for two years. They did not know where he was. Finally they heard that he was in Rome in prison. The hearts of these people went out to him, and immediately they dispatched their pastor, Epaphroditus, with a gift that would minister to Paul’s needs.

So Paul wrote this epistle to thank the church and to express his love for them. He had no doctrine to correct as he did in his Epistle to the Galatians. Neither did he have to correct their conduct, as he did in his Epistle to the Corinthians. There was only one small ripple in the fellowship of the church between two women, Euodias and Syntyche, and Paul gave them a word of admonishment near the end of his letter. He didn’t seem to treat the matter as being serious.

His letter to the Philippian believers is the great epistle of Christian experience. This is Paul’s subject in his epistle to the Philippians.

OUTLINE

     I.     Philosophy of Christian Living, Chapter 1

A.     Introduction, Chapter 1:1–2

B.     Paul’s Tender Feeling for the Philippians, Chapter 1:3–11

C.     Bonds and Afflictions Further the Gospel, Chapter 1:12–20

D.     In Life or Death—Christ, Chapter 1:21–30

     II.     Pattern for Christian Living, Chapter 2

A.     Others, Chapter 2:1–4

B.     Mind of Christ—Humble, Chapter 2:5–8

C.     Mind of God—Exaltation of Christ, Chapter 2:9–11

D.     Mind of Paul—Things of Christ, Chapter 2:12–18

E.     Mind of Timothy—Like-minded with Paul, Chapter 2:19–24

F.     Mind of Epaphroditus—the Work of Christ, Chapter 2:25–30

     III.     Prize for Christian Living, Chapter 3

A.     Paul Changed His Bookkeeping System of the Past, Chapter 3:1–9

B.     Paul Changed His Purpose for the Present, Chapter 3:10–19

C.     Paul Changed His Hope for the Future, Chapter 3:20–21

     IV.     Power for Christian Living, Chapter 4

A.     Joy—the Source of Power, Chapter 4:1–4

B.     Prayer—the Secret of Power, Chapter 4:5–7

C.     Contemplation of Christ—the Sanctuary of Power, Chapter 4:8–9

D.     In Christ—the Satisfaction of Power, Chapter 4:10–23

J Vernon McGee Through the Bible

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Intro to Apologetics: Session One

Session One: What is Apologetics?

In this session we introduce the topic of Apologetics and discuss some of its key figures and ideas.

Session Notes

What We Will Learn Today

1. The root of Apologetics

2. The task of the Apologist

3. Negative vs. Positive Approach

4. A Brief History of Apologetic Methods

_____________________________________________________________

• 1 Peter 3:15 is the classic place in the New Testament where people go to show the importance of Apologetics

• Examples of Apologetics in Action

  • Paul going to synagogue, ‘as was his custom’

    • Working from common ground with Jews

  • The statue to the ‘unknown god’

    • Stoic and Epicurean philosophers engage with Paul and ask for a positive argument

• Apologetics is a cornerstone of early apostolic preaching

• Paul’s Method for Apologetics

  • Paul on Areopagus

    • Makes for a case for God in general

    • Then, makes case for Christ’s resurrection

  • Paul on trial in front of King Agrippa

    • “The resurrection was not done in a corner”

    • Describes himself as ‘set apart for the defense of the Gospel’

• “We did not preach to you cleverly devised myths”

— 2 Peter 1:16

The roots of the word ‘Apologia’

• First seen with Plato describing Socrates’ trial

• Opportunity to address the charges that are made against you

Apologetics is generally referring to objective, fact-based approach

Some object to Apologetics

“You can’t persuade anyone to believe…only the Holy Spirit can give faith”

Response

• Absolutely; saving faith is purely a gift from God

The Apologist is not trying get someone to trust in God as a personal savior

The Task of Apologist

• Clear Away Obstacles

• Show Claims Founded in Fact

• Provide a positive case for the claims of Christ

Question: How do you ‘do’ Apologetics?

Two approaches to Apologetics

• Inductive Approach

  • Use arguments to a larger conclusion

• Deductive Approach (Presuppositionalism)

  • Assumes something to be true from the get go, then tries to prove that all of its parts are consistent\

It’s Important to understand the difference between Correspondence Theory of Truth vs. Coherence Theory of Truth

Presuppositionalist are masters of showing logical fallacies
Example: Contemporary atheism is not wholly consistent

Negative vs. Positive Approach

Negative: Seek to deconstruct an opposing belief or worldview by demonstrating it to be logically inaccurate/invalid

Positive: Seeks to build or construct a case for Christianity by demonstrating that the resurrection of Jesus was a factual, historic event

• Paul’s approach is almost exclusively positive in its approach

Examining Early Christian Life

Not the ‘winners’ of the ancient world; constantly defending themselves and addressing charges such as:

• Cannibalism

• Atheism

Example of early Apologetic work: St. Augustine, City of God

• First half of the work is addressing a charge from roman officials: If Rome accepts Christian God, the other gods will turn against Rome.

• ‘Jupiter and the other gods are turning their backs on Rome since Rome is overrun by Christians’

• Augustine makes an argument against this, showing logical fallacies and historical discrepancies

• Second half is a positive apologetic that describes the Christian worldview

• City of God is read by kings in the middle ages, and is widely read throughout the middle ages

  • Example: Charlemagne said this was his favorite book besides the bible

St. Boniface is an example of missionary using apologetics, who set up contests between the Christian God and Thor

Known for ‘felling the Oak of Thor’

Later, Christianity eventually enjoys a privileged place and consequently thinkers begin to ask more philosophical questions

Questions of Medieval Thinkers

• How do we know apart from faith that God exists?

• Is there good reason to believe God exists?

Anselm’s Ontological Proof for Gods’ Existence

God is ‘that than which nothing greater can be conceived’

This being must exist in the human mind

Therefore, God exists

Thomas Aquinas was a giant of Apologetics in the Middle Ages

Especially famous for ‘5 ways of proving God’s existence’

Says that Anselm’s argument doesn’t really work since it’s deductive

All 5 ways point to a ‘First Cause’

Kalam Cosmological Argument popularized by William Lane Craig

• Whatever begins to exist has a cause

• The universe began to exist

• Therefore, the universe has a cause

Early Modern/Modern Period ‘The Enlightenment’

European philosophers begin to look for new ground to base their view of the world

They wanted a more neutral ground to avoid wars over religion, etc.

Look outside of revelation and the Church

Two different approaches during the Enlightenment

• Empiricism: Knowledge comes only from what we can verify from sensory experience

  • As a result, God’s existence is pushed into the periphery

• Rationalism: Reason rather than experience is the foundation of certain knowledge

  • A statement about the world can only be known to be true if it’s logically consistent with your other beliefs about the world

  • The Church is marginalized throughout this period and a new apologetic challenge is presented

    
    

Rise of Atheism

Scholars who are approaching the text of the Bible in a ‘anti-miracle’ way

Example: The Jefferson’s Bible

This sets the stage for some great modern Apologists

Examples:

Richard Whatley, on higher criticism

William Paley, ‘Watchmaker’ Argument, traced to Intelligent Design movement

C.S. Lewis apologetics to a mass audience through Mere Christianity

Challenges Today

New Atheism

Higher Criticism

The Rise of Islam

“Fair Use “ Notice – Title 17 U.S.C. section 107

The above post may contain copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. It is being made available in an effort to advance the understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, social justice, for the purpose of historical debate, and to advance the understanding of Christian conservative issues.  It is believed that this constitutes a ”fair use” of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the Copyright Law. In accordance with the title 17 U.S. C. section 107, the material in this post is shown without profit to those who have expressed an interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes.