1. What was in this video?
a. How missionaries and monks
modeled holiness in Cluny, Damascus, and Moravia.
b. How mystics affected people’s
faith in the Middle Ages.
c. How mendicants proclaimed the
gospel throughout Europe.
d. How the Scholastics glorified God
through their scholarly pursuits.
2.What
on Earth Was Happening during this time in the Middle Ages?
Even during times of
corruption, coerced conversions, and cruel Crusades, there were Christians who
served and glorified God.
Through
it all, God was working among his people.
John 5:17
3. How did Monks
and Missionaries begin to change the culture?
Medieval monks and nuns often established new communities in pagan
areas.
They farmed and built relationships with non-believers, resulting in
pagans often inquiring about the true God.
By the late 800s, many monasteries were in need of reform.
Some monasteries were controlled by corrupt nobles; others had been
sacked by Vikings.
Duke William III of Aquitaine, France,
wanted to establish a monastery that would not be controlled by nobles, lords,
or kings.
A monk named Berno said the best place for a
monastery was Cluny, Duke William’s hunting grounds.
The Duke freed his hunting dogs
and deeded his land to the “apostles Peter
and Paul.”
4. How did John of Damascus give the church a hand?
4. How did John of Damascus give the church a hand?
John of Damascus was an important
theologian and monk in the eastern Empire.
John inherited a powerful
political position in the Muslim-controlled nation of Syria.
John promoted icon-reverence while rejecting icon-worship.
The iconoclastic eastern emperor falsely claimed that John was plotting against Muslims.
The Muslim court cut off John’s right
hand and exiled him to a monastery.
John wrote many hymns, including
“The Day of Resurrection.”
Fellow monks became jealous and
returned John to Damascus.
The last years of John’s life were spent selling baskets in the streets
where he once lived as a lord.
5. Cyril and his ABC's ?
In 862, the king of Moravia asked for missionaries to come to the lands now known as the Czech Republic.
The bishop of Constantinople, in the
eastern Empire, sent Cyril and his brother Methodius.
Cyril developed an alphabet so they could translate the Bible into the
Moravian language.
Unfortunately,
the Moravians could not understand Cyril’s translations.
6. So was Cyril a failure?
From a human perspective, Cyril’s
mission produced no fruit.
After Cyril died, invaders forced
Cyril’s successors to flee to Bulgaria where they found a man of peace in a Bulgar prince who was also a Christian.
Adapting the Cyrillic alphabet to the Bulgarian tongue, Cyril’s
successors led many people Jesus.
By 1098, the monastery at Cluny had become wealthy and less focused on service and obedience.
Twenty-one monks from Cluny founded a new monastery in Cistertium, France.
In 1112, Bernard of Clairvaux
joined the Cistercian Order.
Bernard
emphasized the love of God as well as the need for Christians to love God
personally and intimately.
7. Why would this be so important at this time in the history of the
church?
According
to Bernard: “The reason for our loving God is God. Yet every soul that seeks
God ... has already been anticipated by him. He sought you before you began to
seek him.”
8. How does this square with previous church biblical theology?
Faith, then, as well in its
beginning as in its completion, is God’s gift; and let no one have any doubt
whatever, unless he desires to resist the plainest sacred writings…….Augustine’s Confessions Chapter
16
John 6:44
No
one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise
him up at the last day.
1 John 4:19 (KJV)
We love him, because he first loved us. 9. What was the Mendicant clergy?
In the 1000s and 1100s, a class of mobile merchants emerged in Europe
who traded goods or services for cash.
Soon, clergy became mobile too. Mendicant clergy traveled from town to
town, preaching to merchants and to their customers
Peter Waldo was a traveling merchant in France.
In
1173, Waldo committed his life to Christ, sold his possessions, and financed a
French translation of the New Testament.
The Waldensians were a group of orthodox laymen concerned about the increasing wealth of the Church. As time passed, however, they found themselves stepping beyond the bounds of orthodoxy as defined by the hierarchy of the Western Church. They did not recognize a special class of priesthood, believing in the priesthood of all believers. They also objected to the veneration of saints and martyrs, which were part of the Church's orthodoxy. They rejected the sacramental authority of the Church and its clerics and encouraged apostolic poverty. The pope identifies the Waldensians as dangerous heretics and had at least 80 Waldensians burned at the stake and began a period known as the Medieval Inquisitions.
Waldo
gathered a group of mendicant preachers, the Poor Folk of Lyons.
The
Waldensians (as they became known) closely studied the Scriptures and rejected
both purgatory and the pope’s supreme power.
According
to the Poor Folk, “We believe ... the Apostles’ Creed.... There is no other
mediator … beyond God the Father, except Jesus” (1 Tim. 2:5 For there
is
one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus).
The Waldensians were a group of orthodox
laymen concerned about the increasing wealth of the Church. As time passed,
however, they found themselves stepping beyond the bounds of orthodoxy as
defined by the hierarchy of the Western Church. They did not recognize a special class of priesthood, believing in the
priesthood of all believers. They also objected to the veneration of saints and martyrs, which were part of the Church's
orthodoxy. They rejected the sacramental authority of the Church and its
clerics and encouraged apostolic poverty.
The pope identifies the Waldensians as dangerous heretics and had at least 80
Waldensians burned at the stake and began a period known as the Medieval
Inquisitions.
10. How did the Pope and the Roman church react to this group of non
approved lay preachers?
Francis of Assisi was a soldier
and the son of a wealthy cloth merchant.
After hearing Matthew 10:8–10,
Francis removed his lavish clothes in front of a bishop and embraced a life of
poverty.
In
1208, Francis founded an order of mendicant monks that would become known as the Franciscans.
In 1214, a nun named Clare took up the Franciscan lifestyle; her
order became known as the Poor Clares.
Scholasticism also arose in the 1000s.
11. Anselm
of Canterbury is known as the “Father of Scholasticism.” What was his Argument?
Scholastics
blended elements of classical philosophy with the study of Christian theology.
12. Who was the “Dumb-Ox” who became a Scholastic Doctor?
Thomas
Aquinas’ parents tried to keep him from becoming a monk.
But he became both a monk and the
supreme scholar of his era.
His Summa Theologica, though never finished, fills more
than 4,000
pages.
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