Exodus Chapter 1
The Israelites Oppressed
a. He was born in a humble household.
Margaret Sanger Planned Parenthood founder aligned herself with the eugenicists whose ideology prevailed in the early 20th century. Eugenicists strongly espoused racial supremacy and “purity,” particularly of the “Aryan” race. Eugenicists hoped to purify the bloodlines and improve the race by encouraging the “fit” to reproduce and the “unfit” to restrict their reproduction. They sought to contain the “inferior” races through segregation, sterilization, birth control and abortion. Is this much different from what the King of Egypt was planning?
Christian News Service – Worthy News
The Israelites Oppressed
1 These are the names of the sons of Israel who went to Egypt with Jacob, each with his family: 2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah; 3 Issachar, Zebulun and Benjamin; 4 Dan and Naphtali; Gad and Asher. 5 The descendants of Jacob numbered seventy in all; Joseph was already in Egypt. 6 Now Joseph and all his brothers and all that generation died, 7 but the Israelites were fruitful and multiplied greatly and became exceedingly numerous, so that the land was filled with them. 8 Then a new king, who did not know about Joseph, came to power in Egypt. 9 “Look,” he said to his people, “the Israelites have become much too numerous for us. 10 Come, we must deal shrewdly with them or they will become even more numerous and, if war breaks out, will join our enemies, fight against us and leave the country.”
11 So they put slave masters over them to oppress them with forced labor, and they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh. 12 But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and spread; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites 13 and worked them ruthlessly. 14 They made their lives bitter with hard labor in brick and mortar and with all kinds of work in the fields; in all their hard labor the Egyptians used them ruthlessly. 15 The king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, whose names were Shiphrah and Puah, 16 “When you help the Hebrew women in childbirth and observe them on the delivery stool, if it is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, let her live.” 17 The midwives, however, feared God and did not do what the king of Egypt had told them to do; they let the boys live. 18 Then the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and asked them, “Why have you done this? Why have you let the boys live?” 19 The midwives answered Pharaoh, “Hebrew women are not like Egyptian women; they are vigorous and give birth before the midwives arrive.” 20 So God was kind to the midwives and the people increased and became even more numerous. 21 And because the midwives feared God, he gave them families of their own. 22 Then Pharaoh gave this order to all his people: “Every boy that is born you must throw into the Nile, but let every girl live.”
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1. Who wrote the book of Exodus and when did the Exodus take place?
Mosaic authorship of Exodus is unhesitatingly affirmed. Moses followed God’s instructions and “wrote down all the words of the Lord” (24:4), which included at the least the record of the battle with Amalek (17:14), the Ten Commandments (34:4, 27–29), and the Book of the Covenant (20:22–23:33). Similar assertions of Mosaic writing occur elsewhere in the Pentateuch: Moses is identified as the one who recorded the “starting places according to their journeys” (Nu 33:2) and who “wrote this law” (Dt 31:9).
The OT corroborates Mosaic authorship of the portions mentioned above (see Jos 1:7, 8; 8:31, 32; 1Ki 2:3; 2Ki 14:6; Ne 13:1; Da 9:11–13; and Mal 4:4). The NT concurs by citing Ex 3:6 as part of “the book of Moses” (Mk 12:26), by assigning Ex 13:2 to “the law of Moses,” which is also referred to as “the Law of the Lord” (Lk 2:22, 23), by ascribing Ex 20:12 and 21:17 to Moses (Mk 7:10), by attributing the law to Moses (Jn 7:19; Ro 10:5), and by Jesus’ specifically declaring that Moses had written of Him (Jn 5:46, 47).
At some time during his 40 year tenure as Israel’s
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eader, beginning at 80 years of age and ending at 120 (7:7; Dt 34:7), Moses wrote down this second of his 5 books. More specifically, it would have been after the Exodus and obviously before his death on Mt. Nebo in the plains of Moab. The date of the Exodus (ca. 1445 b.c.) dictates the date of the writing in the 15th century b.c.
eader, beginning at 80 years of age and ending at 120 (7:7; Dt 34:7), Moses wrote down this second of his 5 books. More specifically, it would have been after the Exodus and obviously before his death on Mt. Nebo in the plains of Moab. The date of the Exodus (ca. 1445 b.c.) dictates the date of the writing in the 15th century b.c.
Scripture dates Solomon’s fourth year of reign, when he began to build the temple (ca. 966/65 b.c.), as being 480 years after the Exodus (1Ki 6:1), establishing the early date of 1445 b.c. Jephthah noted that, by his day, Israel had possessed Heshbon for 300 years (Jdg 11:26). Calculating backward and forward from Jephthah, and taking into account different periods of foreign oppression, judgeships and kingships, the wilderness wanderings, and the initial entry and conquest of Canaan under Joshua, this early date is confirmed and amounts to 480 years.
Scripture also dates the entry of Jacob and his extended family into Egypt (ca. 1875 b.c.) as being 430 years before the Exodus (12:40), thus placing Joseph in what archeologists have designated as the 12th Dynasty, the Middle Kingdom period of Egyptian history, and placing Moses and Israel’s final years of residence and slavery in what archeologists have designated as the 18th Dynasty, or New Kingdom period. Further, Joseph’s stint as vizier over all of Egypt (Ge 45:8) precludes his having served under the Hyksos (ca. 1730–1570 b.c.), the foreign invaders who ruled during a period of confusion in Egypt and who never controlled all of the country. They were a mixed Semitic race who introduced the horse and chariot as well as the composite bow. These implements of war made possible their expulsion from Egypt. MSN
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2. Who would be the best authority for Mosaic authorship if Exodus?
And as touching the dead, that they rise: have ye not read in the book of Moses, how in the bush God spake unto him, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob? Mark 12:26 (KJV)
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3. Why was Exodus written?
Exodus continues the account which was begun in Genesis, although there was a lapse of at least 31/2 centuries. Genesis 15:13 says that the seed of Abraham would spend 400 years in Egypt. Exodus 12:40 says that it was 430 years, and Galatians 3:16-17 confirms it. It was 430 years from the call of Abraham, and 400 years from the time that God told Abraham. Exodus means “the way out” and tells the story of redemption by blood and by power. JVM
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4. Why did the Egyptians turn against the Hebrews?
The period after Joseph died brought a complete change in the condition of the Israelites. From being the favored people of the Semitic Hyksos rulers, they became the feared bondslaves of a new dynasty of native Egyptian kings. Oppressed by their Egyptian masters, the Israelites reached a state of absolute helplessness and despair, when God, in faithfulness to his covenant, redeemed them with mighty power. A new king. The Hyskos invaders controlled Egypt from about 1720 b.c. until 1570. They were driven from the land by Amosis I, the founder of the Eighteenth Dynasty, perhaps the most brilliant age in Egyptian history. After the expulsion of the hated foreign kings, the enmity of the Egyptians was turned against all who had been associated with them, particularly the Hebrews, who were related to the Hyksos both by race and by position. Through the generations that followed, the condition of the Hebrews steadily declined, until we reach the times described here, just before the redemption. WBC
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5. In what respect would Moses himself be seen as a type of Christ?
a. He was born in a humble household.
b. The king was trying to kill him.
c. He was a Jew who lived in Egypt and then came back to Israel.
c. He spent most of his life not in ministry.
d. He confronted the religious power of the time.
e. He was the mediator between God and man.
f. He led his people from bondage in slavery to freedom.
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6. Should the Hebrew have known what was going to happen to them while in Egypt?
Then the Lord said to him, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own, and they will be enslaved and mistreated four hundred years. But I will punish the nation they serve as slaves, and afterward they will come out with great possessions. You, however, will go to your fathers in peace and be buried at a good old age. In the fourth generation your descendants will come back here, for the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its full measure” (Gen. 15:13-16).
“the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its full measure”
This is a very interesting verse in that it gives us an insight into how patient
God is and how he holds off judgment giving evil people every opportunity to repent and turn from evil.
When he refers to the Amorites, God is talking about all of the various people who lived in the land of cannan which God was going to give to the Hebrews. These people were know by their worship of false Gods, sexual immorality, and sacrificing babies.
Does this sound like any place you might know of today?
Exodus 1:12 But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and grew.
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7. How was it that the Hebrew population continued to increase despite the persecution and hardships the Egyptians put them under?
And I will make your descendants as the dust of the earth; so that if a man could number the dust of the earth, then your descendants also could be numbered. Gen 13:16
I am the LORD God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed; 14 And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: Gen 28:13-14 (KJV)
Although there is no record of the precise number that left Egypt in the Exodus, a military census taken not long after listed the number of men 20 years of age and older who could serve in the army as 603,550 (Exodus 38:26). From that number, the total Israelite population of that time has been estimated at approximately 2 to 3 million.
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9. How can a small group become a nation of millions in just over 4 centuries?
A simple bit of arithmetic shows that it was easily possible. If the average Israelite family consisted of 4 children by the time the parents were 27 years old (the Bible record shows that families then were actually much larger), that would provide for a doubling of the population every 27 years (2 children to replace the parents, and 2 children to account for population growth). 430 years divided by 27 years is about 15 generations during the time Israel was in Egypt.
Beginning with the original 70 people, growth of the Israelite nation using our factors above would have been:
140 people after 27 years , 280 people after 54 years
560 people after 81 years 1,120 people after 108 years
2,240 people after 135 years 4,480 people after 162 years
8,960 people after 189 years 17,920 people after 216 years
35,840 people after 243 years 71,680 people after 270 years
143,360 people after 297 years 286,720 people after 324 years
573,440 people after 351 years 1,146,880 people after 378 years
2,293,760 people after 405 years
560 people after 81 years 1,120 people after 108 years
2,240 people after 135 years 4,480 people after 162 years
8,960 people after 189 years 17,920 people after 216 years
35,840 people after 243 years 71,680 people after 270 years
143,360 people after 297 years 286,720 people after 324 years
573,440 people after 351 years 1,146,880 people after 378 years
2,293,760 people after 405 years
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10. The King of Egypt spoke to the midwives, and set up a “program”. What would we call that “program” today?
Family planning. Some would call it population control.
You know they say there are no new sins, only the same old ones with new names.
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11. What happens when an ethnic group has a population explosion? How are these people viewed?
Suspicion, fear, prejudice…..it’s human nature. You know they say there are no new sins, only the same old ones with new names.
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12. In recent history what were some population control strategies.
The “final solution” to the “Jewish problem” in Nazi Germany.
The treatment of the American Indians.
The Chinese one child program.
The Turkish-Armenian Genocide 1.5 Million Armenians killed
Rwandan Genocide of 1994, when Hutu extremists killed an estimated 800,000 Rwandans, mostly Tutsis.
Margaret Sanger Planned Parenthood founder aligned herself with the eugenicists whose ideology prevailed in the early 20th century. Eugenicists strongly espoused racial supremacy and “purity,” particularly of the “Aryan” race. Eugenicists hoped to purify the bloodlines and improve the race by encouraging the “fit” to reproduce and the “unfit” to restrict their reproduction. They sought to contain the “inferior” races through segregation, sterilization, birth control and abortion. Is this much different from what the King of Egypt was planning?
Sanger’s other colleagues included avowed and sophisticated racists. One, Lothrop Stoddard, was a Harvard graduate and the author of The Rising Tide of Color against White Supremacy. Stoddard was something of a Nazi enthusiast who described the eugenic practices of the Third Reich as “scientific” and “humanitarian.” And Dr. Harry Laughlin, another Sanger associate and board member for her group, spoke of purifying America’s human “breeding stock” and purging America’s “bad strains.” These “strains” included the “shiftless, ignorant, and worthless class of antisocial whites of the South.”
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Not to be outdone by her followers, Margaret Sanger spoke of sterilizing those she designated as “unfit,” a plan she said would be the “salvation of American civilization.: And she also spike of those who were “irresponsible and reckless,” among whom she included those ” whose religious scruples prevent their exercising control over their numbers.” She further contended that “there is no doubt in the minds of all thinking people that the procreation of this group should be stopped.” She also believed that Americans of African origin constituted a segment of Sanger considere
d “unfit”
Not to be outdone by her followers, Margaret Sanger spoke of sterilizing those she designated as “unfit,” a plan she said would be the “salvation of American civilization.: And she also spike of those who were “irresponsible and reckless,” among whom she included those ” whose religious scruples prevent their exercising control over their numbers.” She further contended that “there is no doubt in the minds of all thinking people that the procreation of this group should be stopped.” She also believed that Americans of African origin constituted a segment of Sanger considere
d “unfit”
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13. The Bible tells us that we should be subject to the governing authorities. How is that God can bless the disobedience of the midwives?
Let every soul be subject to the governingauthorities. For there is no authority except from God, and the authorities that exist are appointed by God.2 Therefore whoever resists the authority resists the ordinance of God, and those who resist will bring judgment on themselves.3 For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to evil. Do you want to be unafraid of the authority? Do what is good, and you will have praise from the same.4 For he is God’s minister to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid; for he does not bear the sword in vain; for he is God’s minister, an avenger to execute wrath on him who practices evil. Romans 13:1-5
“Some Christians are becoming increasingly disobedient to the laws of our land. Some even teach that if we disagree with a particular law, we are not only obliged to disobey, but we can also justify disobeying other laws in protest”
Every person is required to be in subjection to the governing authorities
There were times when men had to choose to “obey God, rather than men” (e.g. Daniel 3, 6; Acts 4:19-20; 5:27-32).
So they called them and commanded them not to speak at all nor teach in the name of Jesus.19 But Peter and John answered and said to them, “Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you more than to God, you judge.20 For we cannot but speak the things which we have seen and heard. Acts 4:18-20
I believe the answer is that Daniel subordinated
himself to the heathen, human government of Babylon as God’s divinely ordained institution. In the first chapter of Daniel, and again in chapter 6, Daniel had to say “no” to his government, even though it might have meant death. He had to disobey two specific orders because his obedience to government would have been disobedience to God. He refused to eat from the king’s table, because it would defile him and deprive him of a clear conscience. He would not cease praying for the same reason. He disobeyed his government when his faith and his conscience required it.
Daniel maintained a clear conscience. Daniel maintained a clear conscience not only in what he refused to do but also in what he did. While Daniel would not defile himself by eating food from the king’s table, he did submit to the king and his government by showing those in power his respect and by cooperating and supporting that government in every way possible. He was educated in the ways of the Babylonians. He worked hard and was at the top of his class in his studies. He aggressively sought not only to interpret the king’s dream, but also to spare the lives of his heathen counterparts.
The thing with Daniel, Peter, John the Baptist, and others who have defied unjust and ungodly government is that they were prepared to pay the price for civil disobedience. JVM
“And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.”
56 men signed their names knowing full well what the cost might be.
ESVN………….ESV Study Bible Notes
- MSBN…….MacArthur NASB Study Notes
- NIVSN…..NIV Study Notes.
- JVM ……………..J Vernon McGee,
- ACC ……………. Adam Clarke’s Commentary
- BN ……………..Barnes Notes
- WBC……………. Wycliffe Bible Commentary
- CN …… …………..Constables Notes
- IC………………….Ironside Commentary
- NET……………….Net Bible Study Notes.
- JFB…………..Jamieson Fausset Brown Commentary
- VWS……………..Vincent Word Studies
- CMM………….Commentary on Matthew and Mark
- BDB………….. Barclay’s Daily Study Bible (NT)
- Darby………..John Darby’s Synopsis of the OT and NT
- Johnson………Johnson’s Notes on the New Testament.
- NTCMM…………..The New Testament Commentary: Matthew and Mark.
- EHS………………….Expositions of the Holy Scriptures
- CPP…………………The Complete Pulpit Commentary
- SBC…………………Sermon Bible Commentary
- K&D……………….Keil and Deilitzsch Commentary on the OT
- EBC…………………Expositors Bible Commentary
- CBSC……………….Cambridge Bible for Schools and College
- GC……………………Guzik Commentary
- RD……………………. Robert Deffinbaugh
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